Generally, a puppy is orphaned when the mother can not give adequate attention, this may be Because they can not produce milk (a condition called agalactia), accident, illness, death or Because they have behavior problems or behavior Prevent you from attending and care for their cubs properly.

The success of raising orphaned puppies requires a range of care as a regular schedule of food intake, elimination of their physiological needs, conditioned place to sleep and rest, a healthy environment and time for play.
If care is adequate chance of success is high or at a similar survival to the biological mother, of course if less than 5 days the chances of survival decrease due to ingestion of breast milk in early days is crucial, but there is also The possibility of taking the puppy out, now if you have more than 7 days is likely to care for the puppy to run smoothly.
Successful breeding is due to:

Good nutrition
Sanitation
Temperature and humidity
Disease prevention

Healthy Puppies are fat, loud, quiet, and sleep most of the time. Sick Puppies have weak muscle tone and cry a lot. If not it helped lay comatose weak ( "quenching syndrome").

Nutrition
It is essential that the puppy eat within 12 hours of life colostrum produced by the mother, pups can absorb colostrum antibodies only in the first 36 hours.

Then they should be Artificially fed with special milk for orphaned pups, by bottle, syringe, dropper, etc, are useful for premature baby bottles that are available in
pharmacies, nasoesofágico feeding tube is left to experts Because of the risk of "false passage", meaning that if the procedure is done incorrectly, the fluid can go to the lungs and cause pneumonia with serious consequences for the Majority of cases bottle is recommended.

The puppy milk formula for commercially prepared, are balanced to meet nutritional needs of the puppy
orphan. Milk homemade recipes for orphaned cubs are also effective.

Do not forget to place the egg yolk only, raw clear may cause biotin deficiency due to an enzyme that is clear, do not add honey Because it can be fatal to puppies bacteria.

It uses only what is used and the rest is stored in the refrigerator for no more than 48 hours, is given
warm, then wash and dry the bottle and nipples before feeding.
Power is supplied several times a day or every time they cry, the amount taken depends on the breed and size, but ranges from 10 ml to 30 ml, with weights ranging from 250-350 grams> 500 grams respectively. In cats 1 to 7 ml to 50 ml, with weights ranging from 100-200 grams 500-600 grams respectively.

Puppies need to be burped during and after each meal. Hold them right or over your shoulder and to tap back.

The first 48-72 hours they must be fed every 2 hours. For the remainder of the first week, they should be fed every 3 hours during the day the second week feed every 4 hours during the day with a feeding at night. By the third week, they should start taking flatware alone 3 times a day but you should continue feeding with bottle.

The wet food should be given milk and can be prepared by putting 2 cups of tea (200 grams) of premium balanced food for puppies, add 350 ml of formula, and the rest of warm water, put in blender and puree consistency becomes similar to that given to human infants with this feed per day to 6.8 medium breed puppies.

In the fourth week, should be fed 4.5 times per day, the night feedings can be discontinued. At 6 weeks and eat solid food, water must not be missing when you start feeding balanced premium dry food.

Consumption of 500 grams a puppy is 30 ml every 24 hours, most infant milk formulations contain about 60 calories per 30 ml, of course, this value is only an orientation that can vary, it should be handled by the evolution and appearance of the puppy , if not gain weight, they need more food and if they have diarrhea may indicate that we are overfeeding, is important Closely Because weight gain is associated with neonatal disease in young animals.

Sanitation
A newborn puppy is unable to urinate or have a bowel movement itself, has not yet developed the muscle that performs these functions.
A puppy must be stimulated to urinate and defecate, normally this is done by the mother licking the puppy's anal area encouraging them to urinate and defecate.
Orphan Puppies should be stimulated manually by the tutor to Stimulate urination and defecation. The puppy must be stimulated after each meal, this maneuver is done by wetting a cotton ball and rub gently into the anal and genital area, within one to two minutes the puppy will urinate and / or defecate. Some puppies will respond well before eating while others respond after eating, it is suggested that this action both times To ensure that the animal makes its needs, this stimulation should be performed until 21 days from that date the puppies and their control needs.

Clean up after eating puppy food and control urine and fecal matter if it is normal to see any signs of disease, normal urine is light yellow to dark yellow or orange if, it is sufficiently It indicates that well-fed, feed more often.
The stool should be light brown to dark brown, where green indicates an infection, and too much evacuation indicates that the formula used is not appropriate Because the animal in your gut does not absorb enough and too removed stool, if this is too hard consistency must be fed more often and not increase the quantity, many times it is common to feed the puppy with enough but not in the specified frequency, when you eat much food at once cause bloating, gas, regurgitation and sometimes "fake via" to spill the formula into the lungs.

Temperature and humidity
To be healthy the puppies must be at a proper temperature at this age do not retain heat well, you can include other sources of calories as a lamp, hot water bottle, electric blanket, always careful not to burn, it is also important to have a good insulation from the ground, on a wood or cushion or other newspapers.

A simple 25-watt bulb on a small box Will Provide enough heat must have a thermometer to monitor temperature as well as control to the cubs do not stray too far from the heat source as they approach a lot about the danger of burning If there is no alternative to use a font that is in contact with animals, wrap with towels to Prevent burns.

During the first week, should keep the ambient Temperature: 32 - 34 º C and a relative humidity of 55-65%. During the beginning of the second week, Gradually Reducing the temperature to 29 º C during the third week, 26.5 ° C, during the fourth week, 24 º C. More than five weeks, decrease temperature to 21 ° C or ambient temperature, using common sense, if the pups are Piled between them all the time, tienenl cold, if the pups are separated from them feel warm, if kept together without pile the temperature is right.

For the puppies Hypothermic (low body temperature) should be warmed slowly over 2-3 hours at a temperature of 36 º C, Which is normal for a newborn baby, once they reach that temperature, just begins to feed them.

If the environment is very dry, normal humidity range can be obtained by placing wet towels over and one side of the box where the puppies are housed.

Disease prevention
The orphaned cubs are at Increased risk for infectious diseases such as distemper, parvovirus, especially those orphans who did not receive colostrum from the milk of his natural mother.
Colostrum is produced during the first 24 hours after birth is rich in disease-protecting antibodies, colostrum contains antibodies that Provide passive immunity against many diseases type, therefore, pups that have never been fed with milk mother did not have good immunity.
Due to the possible lack of immunity, vaccination of puppies is very important. Some veterinarians may recommend starting the first vaccination at a younger age. For more information see Immunization Plan.

Nutrition and Socialization
Puppies need mental stimulation and physical, must be Encouraged to eat and move, have to be awakened to eat and play.
It is important to have the orphan pup interaction with members of the house at 5-6 weeks of age, is still a baby and must be handled with care, but you have to Accustomed to the movement, noise, other people and pets.
Early socialization Full Version the puppy to feel safe in their own environment and help prevent future problems.

Conclusion
Is it a difficult task to raise an orphaned puppy? Not so, with a commitment of time, care, common sense and appropriate information can be a rewarding experience and positive.